Bovine coronavirus is an enveloped RNA virus that causes enteric disease in young calves and is a well established cause of winter dysentery in adult cattle. It has also been associated with respiratory disease within the bovine respiratory disease complex. How cattle become infected BCoV spreads through feces and…
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a lentivirus that can weaken immune defenses over time. Many cats appear normal for years, but immune suppression can increase the risk of chronic oral disease, recurrent infections, and some cancers, so risk awareness and timely testing matter. What is FIV and why…
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus of cats that can cause immune suppression, anemia, and lymphoma. Many cats have no obvious signs early, so routine testing and prevention are key in shelters, multi cat homes, and for cats with outdoor exposure. What is FeLV and why does it…


