Clostridium perfringens is a Gram positive, anaerobic, spore forming bacterium that is widely present in the environment and in the gastrointestinal tract of animals. In cattle, certain toxigenic strains are associated with acute enteric disease, enterotoxemia, hemorrhagic enteritis, and in some cases sudden death. In neonatal calves, disease may progress…

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic infectious disease of cattle caused mainly by Mycobacterium bovis, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). It can also affect wildlife and other domestic species and has public health relevance because MTBC organisms can infect people, particularly through unpasteurized dairy products or aerosol…

Bovine coronavirus is an enveloped RNA virus that causes enteric disease in young calves and is a well established cause of winter dysentery in adult cattle. It has also been associated with respiratory disease within the bovine respiratory disease complex.    How cattle become infected BCoV spreads through feces and…