VNN Detection in Fish: Essential Support for Aquaculture Research Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN), also known as Viral Encephalopathy and Retinopathy (VER), is one of the important viral diseases affecting fish health in aquaculture. Because the disease may lead to neurological signs, abnormal swimming behavior and increased mortality, especially in young…
What is Feline Panleukopenia and Which Cats Does It Affect? Feline panleukopenia (FPV) is a highly contagious, often fatal disease of domestic and wild felids caused by feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), a parvovirus closely related to canine parvovirus. The virus targets rapidly dividing cells, primarily in the intestinal crypt epithelium,…
Animal health is not limited to one species, one farm or one clinic. From companion animals living in our homes to cattle on farms, horses in training facilities and shrimp in aquaculture systems, early disease detection plays an important role in protecting animal welfare, supporting public health and reducing the impact…
Every year on June 4, National Hug Your Cat Day offers a warm reminder of the bond between cats and their caregivers. June is also widely recognized as Adopt a Cat Month, making it a meaningful time to focus not only on affection, but also on responsible feline health care.…
Eid al-Adha is a period when cattle movement, animal handling, transport, market activity and slaughter operations may increase significantly. In Türkiye, 2026 Eid al-Adha is listed with arife on 26 May and the first holiday day on 27 May. This seasonal increase in animal movement makes veterinary health awareness especially…
Feline free thyroxine (fFT4) is a useful thyroid marker in cats, especially when hyperthyroidism is suspected but the diagnostic picture is not yet straightforward. Hyperthyroidism is most common in older cats, usually over 7 years of age, and typical signs include weight loss despite a good appetite, hyperactivity, increased vocalization,…
Clostridium perfringens is a Gram positive, anaerobic, spore forming bacterium that is widely present in the environment and in the gastrointestinal tract of animals. In cattle, certain toxigenic strains are associated with acute enteric disease, enterotoxemia, hemorrhagic enteritis, and in some cases sudden death. In neonatal calves, disease may progress…
Canine C reactive protein (cCRP) is one of the main acute phase proteins in dogs and is widely used as a sensitive marker of systemic inflammation. Its concentration can increase rapidly in response to inflammatory stimuli and may decline again as the underlying condition improves. This makes cCRP useful not…
African horse sickness (AHS) is a severe, vector borne viral disease of equids caused by African horse sickness virus (AHSV), an orbivirus with nine recognized serotypes. It is infectious but not directly contagious between horses; transmission occurs mainly through Culicoides biting midges. Horses are the most susceptible species, and mortality…
Avian bordetellosis is a contagious upper respiratory tract disease seen most often in young turkeys and caused mainly by Bordetella avium (and less commonly Bordetella hinzii). Flocks can show high morbidity with typically low mortality in uncomplicated cases, but growth setbacks and secondary infections can increase losses in commercial settings. …









