What it is? EAV is the virus behind equine viral arteritis (EVA). In many horses it can look like a routine “barn cold”-a few days of fever and runny noses-and then it’s gone. The catch is breeding: sexually mature stallions can become long-term shedders, passing the virus in semen even…
Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) is an emerging DNA virus (Iridoviridae) that can cause sudden, severe losses in shrimp farming. It is a WOAH-listed aquatic animal disease, so it matters for surveillance, reporting, and trade. Hosts and why it matters DIV1 has been reported in several decapods, including whiteleg…
Equine influenza is one of the fastest-spreading infectious diseases in horses. In a busy yard or at an event, H3N8 can move through a susceptible group in days, forcing movement restrictions and disrupting training and competition plans. WOAH notes an incubation period typically around 1-3 days, and once introduced into…
What Is Red Seabream Iridovirus? Red seabream iridoviral disease (RSIVD) is caused by red seabream iridovirus (RSIV), a double-stranded DNA virus in the genus Megalocytivirus within the family Iridoviridae. RSIV is a major cause of mortality in farmed red seabream (Pagrus major) and has been reported in many other marine…
Understanding Cortisol in Dogs Cortisol is a steroid hormone made by the adrenal glands. In normal dogs it supports blood pressure, energy balance, and the body’s response to inflammation. Cortisol also rises during stress, pain, and illness, which is why values can increase during travel, restraint, or a clinic visit.…
Overview The thyroid gland helps control a dog’s metabolic pace. It produces thyroxine (T4), which influences energy, weight, skin and coat quality, and body temperature. The pituitary gland releases thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) to tell the thyroid how hard to work. When thyroid hormone drops, TSH often rises as the body…
Trichomonas foetus is a microscopic protozoan parasite that can affect different species in different ways. In cattle, it is best known for reducing reproductive performance through early pregnancy loss and infertility. In cats, it is an important cause of chronic large-bowel diarrhea, particularly in young animals and multi-cat environments. Because…
Babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Babesia. The parasites invade red blood cells and can trigger hemolytic anemia and systemic illness. Dogs are diagnosed more often, but cats can also be affected, especially in tick-endemic areas. Because early signs are non-specific, risk awareness and…
What It Is And How Cats Get Infected Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infection caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp. Cats are exposed mainly through contact with urine contaminated water, soil, or surfaces, and through hunting or eating infected prey (especially rodents). Many infected cats remain subclinical, but they can still develop…
Understanding Theileria equi in Horses Theileria equi is a microscopic protozoan parasite that invades the red blood cells of horses, donkeys, and mules. The infection it causes is called equine piroplasmosis. Once inside the bloodstream, the parasite multiplies in red cells and can trigger anemia, fever, and reduced performance. Ticks…









