Pregnancy in dogs and cats is not always obvious during its early stages. Changes in appetite, behavior, body weight, or abdominal size may develop as pregnancy progresses, but these observations alone cannot reliably confirm pregnancy. Relaxin is a hormone produced primarily by placental tissue during pregnancy. In dogs and cats,…
Pregnancy in dogs and cats is not always obvious during its early stages. Changes in appetite, behavior, body weight, or abdominal size may develop as pregnancy progresses, but these observations alone cannot reliably confirm pregnancy. Relaxin is a hormone produced primarily by placental tissue during pregnancy. In dogs and cats,…
Why Are Skin Problems So Common in Cats and Dogs? Itching, hair loss, redness, scaling, crusting, and skin lesions are among the signs that frequently bring cats and dogs to veterinary clinics. However, similar-looking skin problems can have very different causes, ranging from allergies and parasites to bacterial and fungal…
Insulin is a major metabolic hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas. One of its most important roles is helping regulate blood glucose by coordinating how glucose is used and stored throughout the body. Because insulin secretion is closely linked to blood glucose concentration, measuring insulin can provide…
Newcastle Disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting domestic poultry and many other bird species. Depending on the virulence of the virus and the susceptibility of the affected birds, outbreaks may cause severe disease and considerable losses in poultry populations. Chickens are particularly susceptible to severe forms of…
What Is Canine Leishmaniosis? Canine leishmaniosis is a vector-borne disease primarily associated with Leishmania infantum, a protozoan parasite transmitted mainly through the bites of infected phlebotomine sand flies. Dogs are particularly important hosts for L. infantum, and infection may remain clinically silent for a period of time or develop into…
Knowing whether a bovine is pregnant is an important part of reproductive management. Pregnancy information can help veterinarians and livestock professionals make informed decisions regarding breeding programs, herd management, and follow-up examinations. What Are Pregnancy-Associated Glycoproteins? Pregnancy-Associated Glycoproteins (PAGs) are proteins associated with pregnancy in cattle and are produced by…
Cats are experts at hiding discomfort. A skipped meal, an unusually quiet afternoon, or a little less interest in play may initially seem insignificant. However, subtle changes in appetite, energy, or behavior can sometimes be the first indication of an underlying health problem. Feline pancreatitis is one condition that can…
Open your phone gallery for a second. What do you see? Let’s be honest: most of us probably have more photos of our pets than we do of ourselves. Sleeping, stretching, playing, making a mess, staring dramatically into the distance, or doing absolutely nothing… somehow, every moment feels photo-worthy. And…
Respiratory infections in horses can spread quickly within stables, training centers, breeding farms and equine hospitals. Among these pathogens, Streptococcus equi is especially important because it is associated with strangles, a highly contagious disease that can affect horse health, movement, management and biosecurity decisions. Therefore, reliable molecular testing helps veterinarians…









